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Your Go to Guide for PCORI Fee Calculation(2025)
02-08-2025

Your Go to Guide for PCORI Fee Calculation(2025)

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How to Calculate PCORI Fee for 2025?

Health insurers and plan sponsors of self-funded health plans are mandated to pay the PCORI fees. Now, what is the PCORI fee? The excise tax paid by health insurers and plan sponsors of self funded health plans to fund the Patient Centered Outcome Research Institute (PCORI) is the PCORI fee. The awareness on PCORI fee calculation is a must for healthcare providers and health insurers. This blog will take you through the methods for calculating PCORI fee in a detailed manner.

Understanding the PCORI Fee

The basis for PCORI fee calculation is the average number of lives covered under the plan. This fee is usually due by July 31st every year. All health reimbursement (HRAs) are considered as self-funded health plans and are subject to paying the PCORI fee. Employees, dependents, retirees, and COBRA participants are covered under the insurance plan. It is important to be aware of the special rules that apply to HRAs while calculating PCORI fee. The special rules are -


  • In case the plan sponsor also maintains a self-funded medical plan with the same plan year, the medical plan and HRA can be treated as a single entity for PCORI fee calculation. In case the medical plan is fully insured, then the medical plan and HRA are treated as separate entities for calculating the PCORI fee. In this situation, the insurer pays the fee for the medical plan and the plan sponsor or employer pays the fee for the HRA. 

  • When calculating the number of covered lives for HRAs, employees alone should be taken into consideration, excluding their spouses and dependents. 


Before we get into “how to calculate PCORI fee”, let us first understand “why we calculate PCORI fees”. The PCORI fee is mandated by the IRS and is applicable to self-insured health plans. The tax paid as PCORI fees is directed towards Patient-centered-outcomes-research Trust fund. This trust funds research aimed at providing evidence based information that helps patients and healthcare providers make informed decisions on patient care.

How to Calculate the PCORI fee?

Coming to PCORI fee calculation, there are mainly 3 PCORI fee calculation methods that are followed widely. The Patient-Centered-Outcome-Research-Institute has approved the Actual Count method, Snapshot method, and the Form 5500 method for calculating PCORI fee. Let us explore how to calculate PCORI fee in each of these methods.

Actual Count Method

This method considers the actual number of employees covered on each day of the plan year. This count is divided by the number of days in the plan year. 


Formula: Total PCORI Fee = ((Sum of actual number of employees covered on each day of the plan year/number of days in the plan year) * Current PCORI fee per life

Example: A company has 20 employees employed for 365 days and 2 employees for 180 days. 

Sum of employees = 20*365 + 2*180

                               =  7660

Current PCORI fee = 3.22

Total PCORI fee = (7660/365)*3.22


Total PCORI fee = $67.57


Snapshot method

A plan sponsor may determine the average number of lives covered under a self-insured plan for a plan year by adding the total lives covered during the first,second or third month of each quarter. The date used for the second, third, and fourth quarter must be within 3 days of the date in that quarter corresponding to the date used in the first quarter. Once the dates are clear, the fee is calculated by the formula below:


Formula - Total number of participants = Self-coverage participant count + (participants with non-self only coverage * current PCORI fee).


Total PCORI Fee = ((Total number of participants from designated dates)/4)*current PCORI fee per life

Example: Say the total number of participants covered on a designated date in each quarter are : 50, 45,55, and 35. 

Sum of covered employees = 50+45+55+35  = 185

Current PCORI fee              = 3.22


Total PCORI Fee         = ((185/4)*3.22))

Total PCORI fee         = $148.92


Form 5500 Method

The Form 5500 method for PCORI fee calculation is based on the number of participants reported in the Form 5500. This form is filed for the applicable self-insured health plan for that plan year. However, if you are currently with a level self-funded option, this method may not be viable, because you need not file the Form 5500. 


Formula: Total PCORI Fee = ((Total number of participants at the beginning of the year+Total number of participants at the end of the year)/2)* PCORI fee per participant

Example: Say the total number of employees at the beginning of the year is 50 and at the end of the year is 60. 


Total PCORI fee = ((50+60)/2)*3.22)


Total PCORI fee = $177.1



Wrapping it up:

We have explored PCORI fee calculation methods in detail through this blog. A thorough understanding of PCORI fee calculation is a must for self-insured health plans. Companies need to pay the PCORI fee on their second quarter Form 720 filing. The PCORI fee calculation methods elaborated in this blog serve as a guide on how to calculate PCORI fee. 


At Simple 720, we aim to simplify PCORI filing. File your PCORI Fee online with our PCORI Submission portal.

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